Recording music in ahome studioisn’t always as simple as it seems.
即使你只是使用像这样的基本装备麦克风和音频接口to record yourself, you can still run into complicated technical issues.
One of the most confusing problems that beginner and intermediate producers struggle with is out of phase audio.
但是什么导致相位问题？他们听起来像什么，你如何解决它们？通过如此复杂的问题，很容易受挫。
但它不必令人恐惧。一旦您理解为什么和如何避免它们，相位问题足以诊断和修复。
在本文中，我将解释一下你需要了解的一切。
什么是音频中的阶段？
音频中的阶段是指声波及时的位置。
Think of a sine wave on a graph. The wave’s phase is its position along the x-axis.
对于定期波形，阶段沿着它的形状讲述了波的模式开始的点。
术语周期性意味着声音的波形在同一模式中重复一遍又一遍。
当您在时间上向前或向后移动波浪时，波浪的起点会在形状中的每个可能位置移动，然后再次重复。
起始点的前向或向后更改称为相移。
相移以度为单位 - 因为一旦你一直转移到波形的下一个周期，你就会全圈！
对于定期波形，阶段沿着它的形状讲述了波的模式开始的点。
Why is phase important?
相位问题对录音的声音有很大影响。每次您一次录制一个以上麦克风的源时都会发挥作用。
The reason why has to do with a problem called destructive interference.
想象两个相同的信号。如果它们的波形在完全同时开始，它们完全是阶段。
If one of those signals were phase shifted by 180 degrees, the two signals would be fully out of phase. Their two waveforms would be at the exact opposite point in the cycle.
Identical waveforms that are 180 degrees out of phase will cancel each other out completely when summed due to destructive interference.
这意味着混合在一起的两个信号的结果是沉默！
在现实世界中，您将永远不会在同一源上录制两个完全相同的信号，其中两个不同的麦克风，但如果信号相关，则仍然存在问题。
一个例子是用DI盒和MIC的云彩录制低音吉他的常见做法。
由于声音需要时间来穿过空气并到达麦克风，因此它可能与DI相相。
Identical waveforms that are 180 degrees out of phase will cancel each other out completely when summed due to destructive interference.
一旦发生任何相移，两个信号之间的关系会发生变化。
You might not notice the effect of small phase differences between two microphones at first. But the more “out of phase” the two are, the more they will start to compete.
如何找到阶段问题
Luckily, it’s easy to hear when two signals are badly out of phase.
If two related tracks sound thinner, tinnier or harsher when combined, there’s a good chance they suffer from this issue.
To be 100% sure you can insert a utility plugin on one channel and use the Ø phase symbol button to invert the phase by 180 degrees.
If that makes the low end and punch of the sounds return, it confirms that phase is the culprit.
热点：要评估不会急于拆除的信号之间的相位关系，您可以使用您的DAW相位相关仪表。这是A.helpful guideon how to read it.
How to fix phase issues
由于所有损坏超出了相位音频可能导致您的会话，您需要策略来避免最糟糕的问题。
以下是处理音乐生产中最常见的相位问题的三种方法：
1从源头上避免
解决阶段问题的最佳方法是完全避免它们。
解决阶段问题的最佳方法是完全避免它们。
就像DAW中的实用插件一样，麦克风前置放大器和音频接口s feature a toggle with the diameter symbol Ø.
这是一个使用前置放大器的硬件将极性反转180度的选项。如果您需要确定两个信号是否不同步，请试着按下它并仔细聆听结果。
If engaging the Ø switch causes lots of low end and punch to return, your signals are likely out of phase.
There are several recording situations where you can expect a signal to be close to 180 degrees out of phase.
The most common is recording a snare drum with both a top and bottom microphone.
从顶部和底部头部辐射的声波自然将不相位。如果您正在录制圈套的两侧，请记住检查您的阶段！
2。Measure the distance between mics
You’ll sometimes see pro engineers using a length of cable to make measurements as they set up microphones.
They’re using the3：1技术，这是一种有助于减少不良相位关系影响的眼球方法。
The rule of thumb is to place additional microphones 3x the distance away from the source as the first.
例如，假设您将电吉他柜与主麦克风从6英寸录制。
The second microphone should be placed 18 inches (3x the original distance) away from the first.
This is a handy way to get a workable sound quickly, but it has some downsides.
麦克风的位置对它拾取的声音具有大量影响。一个单个麦克风的最佳探测位置可能不是相同的权利。
If neither of these options is right for solving your problem, there are a few options you can try inside your DAW.
3.。Fix the phase on the timeline
由于相位问题是通过定时差异来创建的，因此可以通过少量移位时间线上的区域来解决它们。
由于相位问题是通过定时差异来创建的，因此可以通过少量移位时间线上的区域来解决它们。
Zoom in extremely closely on a region and nudge it gently until the waveforms are no longer cancelling.
This approach can work for some closely related sources like multiple mics on guitar or bass, but it’s not advisable for drums.
鼓套件上的麦克风之间的自然相差为声音贡献了很多。平整波形的定时，以相位完美地让它们会听起来奇怪和不自然。
Do your best to get drum mics right at the source.
4. Use a plugin to fix the phase
有一些插件这是专门用于帮助您修复阶段问题的设计。
虽然它们中的许多功能在时间线上转移区域，但一些插件提供了更多方法，以便更具体地处理如何处理相冲突。
Here are a few respected plugins to help with phase issues:
Phase issues in your mix
Once you start paying attention to phase relationships, you’ll notice they can affect your mix as well.
这些比阶段轨道的基本更先进，但他们很重要，可以在你工作时意识到。
EQ plugins affect phase
EQ pluginsare necessary to make your tracks fit together musically. Unfortunately, it has a side effect.
The filters that change the frequency of a signal also introduce a small amount of phase shift. This can be a problem if you’re using lots of EQ on mics that captured the same source.
热点：某些EQS包含一个选项，可以不同地处理相位换档。这些是所谓的“线性相位”模式。这是a videothat explains how they work and when to use them.
即使由EQ产生的小相差也可能导致破坏性干扰。如果可能的话，这是在公共汽车上进行处理的重要原因。
Stereo widening can cause phase problems
There are a lot of stereo width plugins out there that promise to magically make your mix wider.
It may seem tempting to use them everywhere to increase the声级of your mix. But be careful—these types of plugins can trip you up.
Stereo widening effects often work by introducing phase differences between the left and right panned elements.
If you go overboard with this type of processing, you’ll be setting yourself up for destructive interference between the left and right sides of your mix.
同相
Phase problems seem like an advanced scientific concept.
But the ones that matter most in your mix aren’t hard to hear and fix. Even so, taking the time to check for phase problems and deal with their negative effects will make your mix better on the whole.
如果您通过本文进行了本文，您将有一个很好的开始来处理阶段音频。